The Site for Healthcare Professionals: March 2020
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Friday, March 20, 2020

Medical Products and Supplies Need Urgently due to COVID-19

Dear Healthcare Manufacturers and Suppliers!


Since the Outbreak of COVID-19 around the Globe; there are some Medical  Supplies and Equipment, required urgently all over the world...

Our Blog:- https://learnbiomedengine.blogspot.com has Visitors all around the Globe Daily and we believe that Our Blog may help you to reach out the needy people anywhere around the Globe Easily and supply your Medical Products Early on Time...

You may contact us to know more about how you can supply your Medical Products. Please email us at:- sam.gastondiaz@gmail.com for further details...

Here are the details why we believe that you can supply your Medical Products and Supplies Easily as well as Quickly via Our Blog:-

  • Currently, 7.6K Healthcare Members in our Own FaceBook Group which is Healthcare Engineering  
  • We are part of more than 150 Different Facebook Groups which are all Relevant to Healthcare Sectors
  • More than 21,500 Healthcare Connections in LinkedIn 
  • More than 5000 Healthcare Contracts in LinkedIn
  • Part of more than 75 Different Healthcare related LinkedIn Groups


Some Products You may Supply.....

Face Masks (Disposable, N95):




     



Hand Sanitizers:




Gloves:


Medical Infrared Thermometers:

Medical Protective Clothing:



Medical Goggle:



Medical Face Shield:


Oxygen Concentrator:

Ventilators:


!!! Your Quick Response May Help Some needy People who are in desperate for Medical Supplies... !!!

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Radiotherapy.



Radiation can be defined as any collection of elementary particles that have sufficient energy to interact with and transfer some of their energy to objects or materials that intercept their path.

The process of removing an orbital electron from an atom is called ionization.


X rays and gamma rays are particles called photons that can create ionization. Microwaves, ultraviolet radiation, visible light and infrared are also photons, but they do not result in ionization and are referred to as non-ionizing radiation.

Radioactivity generates radiation by emitting particles. Radioactive materials outside the body are called external emitters, and radioactive materials located within the body are called internal emitters.





Types of Ionizing Radiations:


Radioactive nuclei can emit several kinds of particles, but there are three primary types: alpha particles (α), beta particles (β), and photons that are either x rays or gamma rays (γ). Several properties distinguish those particles from one another. One is an electric charge; alpha particles are emitted with a positive charge of 2, beta particles are emitted with either 1 negative charge (electron) or 1 positive charge (positron), and x rays and gamma rays have no charge and are thus neutral.

Another important property is the penetration of the particles through matter. Alpha particles lose energy rapidly and stop in a very short distance. Most travel no more than 3-5 centimetres in air and only about 30-50 microns in water or tissue. They cannot penetrate clothes or skin. Alpha particles must be emitted very close to biologic targets to produce an effect. External alpha emitters, therefore, are generally not considered to pose a health hazard. However, radioactive materials can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or transfer through cuts and wounds. Some of this radioactive material passes through the body and is eliminated, and some remains in tissues that might contain radiosensitive cells. The distribution of the radioactive material in the body depends on the chemistry of the radioactive element. For example, radium has chemical properties similar to those of calcium, and the alpha-particle emitter radium-226 (226Ra) will accumulate with calcium in bone.

Beta particles are electrons that lose energy rather slowly when passing through materials. A high-energy beta particle can travel several centimetres through water and tissue. Lower-energy beta particles travel some fraction of that distance. External emission of low-energy beta particles, as in the decay of tritium, which is an isotope of hydrogen (3H), or carbon-14 (14C) is not considered a health hazard, whereas external emission of high-energy beta particles from strontium-90 (90Sr) reach some regions of the body that are sensitive to radiation. As in the case of alpha-emitters, the distribution of internal beta-emitters depends on the chemistry of the radioactive element. Strontium has chemistry similar to that of calcium, and 90Sr will accumulate in the bone. Most of the iodine in the body that is not excreted will accumulate in the thyroid. Beta particles from 131I can originate in the thyroid and deposit most of their energy there.

Photons can be very penetrating. High-energy x rays and gamma rays travel many meters in the air and through many centimetres of concrete, iron, and tissue. Thus, external gamma rays can penetrate and deposit energy throughout the body. The distribution of internal gamma-emitters depends on the chemistry of the radioactive element. Internally emitted gamma rays can deposit energy in the tissue of residence or neighbouring tissues. For example, caesium-137 (137Cs) deposited in soft tissues, and the entire body is exposed uniformly to gamma rays.

Radiation Biology:
When people are exposed to ionizing radiation from sources outside or inside the body, the radiation may interact with molecules in cells in their path. Some ionizing radiation can travel through a few or several layers of cells (beta-particle radiation) or through many cell layers into and through tissues deep within the body (x and gamma radiation), whereas alpha-particle radiation has short paths or tracks.

The rate at which radiation loses energy along its tracks is referred to as linear energy transfer (LET) and depends on its track length. Thus, beta-particle radiation and the electrons associated with x and gamma rays, which are sparsely ionizing, are described as low-LET radiation, and alpha-particle radiation, which is densely ionizing, as high-LET radiation.

This can cause some side effects, such as:
  • sore, red skin
  • feeling tired most of the time
  • hair loss in the area being treated
  • feeling sick
  • losing your appetite
  • a sore mouth
  • diarrhoea

Radiotherapy:

Radiation is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Other names for radiation treatment are radiation therapyradiotherapyirradiation, and x-ray therapy.

Radiation therapy uses high-energy particles or waves, such as x-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, or protons, to destroy or damage cancer cells.

Cells normally grow and divide to form new cells. But cancer cells grow and divide faster than most normal cells. Radiation works by making small breaks in the DNA inside cells. These breaks keep cancer cells from growing and dividing and cause them to die. Nearby normal cells can also be affected by radiation, but most recover and go back to working the way they should.

While chemotherapy and other treatments that are taken by mouth or injection usually expose the whole body to cancer-fighting drugs, radiation therapy is usually a local treatment. This means it’s usually aimed at and affects only the part of the body needing treatment. Radiation treatments are planned so that they damage cancer cells with as little harm as possible to nearby healthy cells.

Radiotherapy can be suggested for two different purposes:-
  1. Palliative care as care that affords relief, but not cures. 
  2. Curative care, on the other hand, is defined as care that tends to overcome disease, and promote recovery.

Goals of radiation therapy:
  • To cure or shrink early-stage cancer
  • To stop cancer from coming back (recurring) somewhere else
  • To treat symptoms caused by advanced cancer
  • To treat cancer that has returned (recurred)

Radiation therapy can be given in 3 ways:
External radiation (or external beam radiation): 
a beam of radiation is directed into the body. This may also be called x-ray therapy, 3D conformal radiation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), cobalt, photon, or proton therapy. External beam radiation therapy is usually conducted using a Linear Accelerator — a machine that directs high-energy beams of radiation into your body.

Internal radiation: 
a source of radioactivity is placed inside the body, near the tumour. This is called brachytherapy or implant therapy.

Systemic radiation: 
Radioactive drugs given by mouth or put into a vein are used to treat certain types of cancer. These drugs then travel throughout the body. 


The units of absorbed dose are measured in gray (Gy) in the SI Units.

Dosimetry:
Dosimetry is the process of determining the effective dose received by persons exposed to ionizing radiation. The most accurate way to determine dose to an individual is to make measurements with a dosimeter assigned to each person. That is required today for radiation workers that might be exposed during routine occupational activities. Area monitors measure external radiation or radioactivity suspended in the air at specific locations. No dosimeter can directly measure the dose to the lung from the inhalation of radioactive materials, so area monitors are the principal instruments used for measuring and controlling internal exposure in underground mines.





👉 Please Watch Our Radiotherapy Videos (Part 1 & Part 2) from Our YouTube Channel Below:-

1. Part 1 Video:-

2. Part 2 Video:-


Article Prepared By:-


Website References:
  • https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment       types/radiation/basics.html
  • https://www.oncolink.org/cancer-treatment/radiation/introduction-to-radiation-therapy/radiation-therapy-the-basics
  • https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/846797-overview
  • https://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/radiation-therapy/understanding-radiation-therapy
  • https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/radiation-therapy
  • https://www.nap.edu/read/11279/chapter/5#54

YouTube Reference:
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgAi4wQLqZ0
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zw0pHT47AAU
Contact Us via Email to Know More About Our Supports...:- sam.gastondiaz@gmail.com